本期文章：《自然—神经科学》：Online/在线发表
以色列希伯来大学Inbal Goshen课题组发现，星形胶质细胞在学习过程中通过调节海马-皮质交流来促进远程记忆形成。2020年8月3日，《自然—神经科学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。
研究人员在CA1星形胶质细胞中表达了Gi偶联的设计受体hM4Di，从而发现在学习过程中的星形细胞操纵会专门损害长期（而非近期）记忆回溯，并且在检索过程中会降低前扣带回皮质（ACC）的活性。研究人员发现在记忆获得期间大量募集了投射ACC的CA1神经元，并伴随着ACC神经元的激活。
在体内，星形胶质细胞的Gi激活破坏了CA3与CA1的通讯并降低了ACC中的下游反应。在活动小鼠中，它在学习过程中诱导了CA1到ACC神经元的投射特异性抑制，因此阻止了ACC募集。
最后，直接抑制从CA1到ACC的投射神经元可以避免最近和受损的远程记忆。这些发现表明，远程记忆获取涉及星形胶质细胞在调节CA1-ACC神经元沟通中的投射特定功能。
据了解，远程记忆取决于海马和额叶皮层的协调活动，但这些相互作用的时间线尚有争议。星形胶质细胞感知并改变神经元的活动，但很少探讨其在远程记忆中的作用。
附：英文原文
Title: Astrocytes contribute to remote memory formation by modulating hippocampal–cortical communication during learning
Author: Adi Kol, Adar Adamsky, Maya Groysman, Tirzah Kreisel, Michael London, Inbal Goshen
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-03
Abstract: Remote memories depend on coordinated activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortices, but the timeline of these interactions is debated. Astrocytes sense and modify neuronal activity, but their role in remote memory is scarcely explored. We expressed the Gi-coupled designer receptor hM4Di in CA1 astrocytes and discovered that astrocytic manipulation during learning specifically impaired remote, but not recent, memory recall and decreased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during retrieval. We revealed massive recruitment of ACC-projecting CA1 neurons during memory acquisition, which was accompanied by the activation of ACC neurons. Astrocytic Gi activation disrupted CA3 to CA1 communication in vivo and reduced the downstream response in the ACC. In behaving mice, it induced a projection-specific inhibition of CA1-to-ACC neurons during learning, which consequently prevented ACC recruitment. Finally, direct inhibition of CA1-to-ACC-projecting neurons spared recent and impaired remote memory. Our findings suggest that remote memory acquisition involves projection-specific functions of astrocytes in regulating CA1-to-ACC neuronal communication. Kol et al. show that the foundation of remote memory is formed during acquisition by the massive recruitment of ACC-projecting CA1 neurons. Remote memory acquisition involves projection-specific effects of astrocytes on CA1-to-ACC neuronal communication.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0679-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0679-6
期刊信息
Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新if：21.126
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex
